Unit 1:THE STRUGGLE FOR CONTROL OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA(1750 TO 1815)
3 wars that shaped Canada:
The Seven Years War:
Causes: France and Britain both wanted to control the resources of North America, Especially fish and fur, because the resources were worth a lot of money and money equals a lot of power.
Who?:France and Britain.
When? The war started in Ohio River Valley in 1756 and ended in North American in 1760 but continued in Europe until 1763.
Where? The war was fought in North America, Europe and India.
Outcomes: Britain Defeated France and New France becomes a part of the British Empire.
Important events: The French fortress at Louisbourg in Nova Scotia surrendered to Britain in 1758. Quebec City was captured by Britain in 1759. In the battle of the Plains of Abraham the French were defeated by Britain. Montreal surrendered in September, 1760.
Importance to Canadian History:
The importance of the Seven Years War to Canadian history was that it led to the Royal Proclamation and the Quebec Act.
Events After the Seven Years War: Royal Proclamation:
Purpose:
to ensure that British institutions and laws, customs, language, and religion were enforced in Quebec.
to attract British settlers to Quebec.
to limit the size of Quebec.
to assure native-peoples fur trade and hunting are protected.
Governors Murray & Carleton: Governor James Murray:
first appointed British governor general to Quebec.
conditions of the Proclamation of 1763 were difficult for Governor Murray to enforce.
believed that co-operation with the Catholic Church could strengthen the loyalty of the population.
Governor Guy Carleton:
wanted to make sure that Canadiens would be loyal to Britain.
encouraged the British government to allow the French people to keep their system of laws and their Catholic religion.
Quebec Act:
Purpose:
The French language was allowed to continue.
The French civil law was to continue along with the English criminal law.
Quebec was to be ruled by an appointed British government and an appointed council and Roman Catholics could hold government positions.
The Roman Catholic Church was allowed to continue collecting tithes.
The boundaries of Quebec were enlarged to include the rich fur trading areas between the Ohio and Mississippi River.
The American Revolution:
Who was involved? The people of the thirteen colonies who were also British Why were they fighting? The people from the thirteen colonies were being taxed and presented with a number of intolerable acts The Acts The Sugar act which put taxes on imported goods like sugar and molasses
Stamp act that made all legal documents and newspapers require a stamp which could cost anywhere from 1 cent to several dollars
The Townshend act put taxes on items like glass, tea, silk, paper, paint and lead
The Tea act gave exclusive selling rights to the East India Companyin North America, that led to the Boston Tea party where 50 people from Boston dressed up as Natives and dumped three boatloads of tea from British ships into the sea
The Intolerable Act closed Boston to shipping until the tea was paid for, forbade public meetings and stationed 4000 troops in the area
People from thirteen colonies boycotted British goods and secretly began collecting arms and ammo and the colonists began raising an army of their own When was it? Protests broke out into armed conflict known as the American Revolution or the War of Independence in 1775 Who won the war? The Revolutionists sent a two pronged attack into the colony of Quebec, one army led by General Richard Montgomery took the well traveled route and easily took Montreal
The other force led by General Benedict Arnold had a harder time because theyhad to take the overland route which was much more rugged terrain and faced starvation disease and desertion
When they finally joined up with Montgomery they had less than half of the force they left with and had to endure a cold, savage winter
They attacked on New Year’s Eve and 200 of the American attackers died as well as Montgomery while only 6 British died, In may 1776 British Navy arrived to force the Americans home Why was it important?
The members of the thirteen colonies were under great duress because of the acts that were forced upon them from the British government so they rose up and rebelled
Since they failed for the most part at their attacks on Canada, British North Americans did not take part in the rebellion
The result was a country seperated from British rule
The War of 1812:
Causes:
Because Upper Canada was poorly defended and exposed the United States declared war on them thinking that it would be and easy land grab and take over Upper Canada to fulfill their dream of Manifest Destiny.
Who was involved:
Americans, Natives and British. There were 8 million U.S. and only 500,000 British, so U.S. thought it would be easy. Most Upper Canadians fought as British subjects, Lower Canadian subjects fought to protect their homes from invasion.
When and Where did the war occur:
Though Britain and France had been steadily at war for almost 20 years, U.S. declared war on Upper Canada in 1812 and the war ended in 1814 with the treaty of Ghent. Most of the battles were fought along the St. Lawerence- Great Lakes area on Niagra Peninsula.
Results of the War:
Nobody won the war.
American immigrants were discouraged from coming to BNA.
Stabilized the border between U.S. and BNA.
British built Fort Henry at Kingston for protection against American Invasion.
Americans ignored British and turned attention Southward and Westward expansion.
Maritime colonies became more prosperous.
Importance in Canadian History:
The Americans should have dominated Upper Canada during this war, but they did not. Because there were many different kinds of people that came together to fight as one against the Americans, it gave them a sense of being united as one, which helped to the development of our country.
Unit 1:THE STRUGGLE FOR CONTROL OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA(1750 TO 1815)
3 wars that shaped Canada:
The Seven Years War:
Causes: France and Britain both wanted to control the resources of North America, Especially fish and fur, because the resources were worth a lot of money and money equals a lot of power.
Who?: France and Britain.
When? The war started in Ohio River Valley in 1756 and ended in North American in 1760 but continued in Europe until 1763.
Where? The war was fought in North America, Europe and India.
Outcomes: Britain Defeated France and New France becomes a part of the British Empire.
Important events: The French fortress at Louisbourg in Nova Scotia surrendered to Britain in 1758. Quebec City was captured by Britain in 1759. In the battle of the Plains of Abraham the French were defeated by Britain. Montreal surrendered in September, 1760.
Importance to Canadian History:
The importance of the Seven Years War to Canadian history was that it led to the Royal Proclamation and the Quebec Act.
Events After the Seven Years War:
Royal Proclamation:
Purpose:
Governors Murray & Carleton:
Governor James Murray:
- first appointed British governor general to Quebec.
- conditions of the Proclamation of 1763 were difficult for Governor Murray to enforce.
- believed that co-operation with the Catholic Church could strengthen the loyalty of the population.
Governor Guy Carleton:Quebec Act:
Purpose:
The American Revolution:
Who was involved?The people of the thirteen colonies who were also British
Why were they fighting?
The people from the thirteen colonies were being taxed and presented with a number of intolerable acts
The Acts
The Sugar act which put taxes on imported goods like sugar and molasses
Stamp act that made all legal documents and newspapers require a stamp which could cost anywhere from 1 cent to several dollars
The Townshend act put taxes on items like glass, tea, silk, paper, paint and lead
The Tea act gave exclusive selling rights to the East India Companyin North America, that led to the Boston Tea party where 50 people from Boston dressed up as Natives and dumped three boatloads of tea from British ships into the sea
The Intolerable Act closed Boston to shipping until the tea was paid for, forbade public meetings and stationed 4000 troops in the area
People from thirteen colonies boycotted British goods and secretly began collecting arms and ammo and the colonists began raising an army of their own
When was it?
Protests broke out into armed conflict known as the American Revolution or the War of Independence in 1775
Who won the war?
The Revolutionists sent a two pronged attack into the colony of Quebec, one army led by General Richard Montgomery took the well traveled route and easily took Montreal
The other force led by General Benedict Arnold had a harder time because theyhad to take the overland route which was much more rugged terrain and faced starvation disease and desertion
When they finally joined up with Montgomery they had less than half of the force they left with and had to endure a cold, savage winter
They attacked on New Year’s Eve and 200 of the American attackers died as well as Montgomery while only 6 British died, In may 1776 British Navy arrived to force the Americans home
Why was it important?
The members of the thirteen colonies were under great duress because of the acts that were forced upon them from the British government so they rose up and rebelled
Since they failed for the most part at their attacks on Canada, British North Americans did not take part in the rebellion
The result was a country seperated from British rule
The War of 1812:
Causes:
Because Upper Canada was poorly defended and exposed the United States declared war on them thinking that it would be and easy land grab and take over Upper Canada to fulfill their dream of Manifest Destiny.Who was involved:
Americans, Natives and British. There were 8 million U.S. and only 500,000 British, so U.S. thought it would be easy. Most Upper Canadians fought as British subjects, Lower Canadian subjects fought to protect their homes from invasion.When and Where did the war occur:
Though Britain and France had been steadily at war for almost 20 years, U.S. declared war on Upper Canada in 1812 and the war ended in 1814 with the treaty of Ghent. Most of the battles were fought along the St. Lawerence- Great Lakes area on Niagra Peninsula.Results of the War:
Importance in Canadian History:
The Americans should have dominated Upper Canada during this war, but they did not. Because there were many different kinds of people that came together to fight as one against the Americans, it gave them a sense of being united as one, which helped to the development of our country.